Bouldering is a form of rock climbing that follows short, demanding routes-often called problems-without ropes. Climbers work through sequences of handholds and footholds using balance, body positioning, strength, and precise movement. It is practiced indoors on climbing walls and outdoors on rock; outdoor bouldering commonly uses portable crash pads and a spotter to help reduce the risk of injury from falls. The equipment represented here includes bouldering shoes and chalk bags or a chalk ball. Close-fitting climbing shoes have specialized rubber soles to provide grip on small footholds, while chalk helps keep hands dry when sweat makes holds harder to grasp. Together, these items relate to the sport's emphasis on controlled movement and maintaining contact with the climbing surface.